Unit 2 P1

Unit 2 Task 1
Processor: A processor, is a small chip that is found in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. The central processor of a computer is also known as the CPU. Modern CPUs often include multiple processing cores, which work together to process instructions.

Motherboard: A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. A motherboard holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. The function of the computer motherboard is to act as the main circuit board that connects and communicates to all the devices and components attached.

BIOS:  A BIOS is the basic input/output system, used in the CP/M operating system.The purposes of the BIOS are to initialize and test the system hardware components. The BIOS also provides an abstraction layer for the hardware.BIOS are located in the motherboard of computers, and they contain instructions and setup for how your system should boot and how it operates.

Power supply: A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electrical energy to an electrical load.The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another. The power supply unit (PSU) simply powers the various parts of a desktop computer. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, however others can be built into larger devices along with their loads.
Fan and Heatsink: In electronic systems, a heatsink is a heat exchanger that cools a device by releasing heat into the surroundings. They’re used to keep CPUs and graphic processors cool. But sometimes the heatsink itself can become too hot.This can happen if the CPU is running at full capacity for too long. So, a fan is often used in combination with the heatsink in order to keep both the CPU and heatsink at a cool temperature.

Hard Drive: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) enables mass storage devices, such as hard drives and optical drives, to communicate with the motherboard using a high-speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors. Serial ATA (SATA) controller modes determine how the hard drive communicates with the computer. IDE mode is the simplest mode. A hard drive in IDE mode has the least available features.

Ports USB: USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer hardware, for example: keyboards, printers and mouses are connected to a computer via USB.
USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.

Internal Memory: -Random Access Memory (RAM) is the "working memory" in a computer. Additional RAM allows a computer to work with more information at the same time which can have a dramatic effect on total system performance.
-ROM is a type of "built-in" memory that is capable of holding data and also having that data read from the chip, but not written to. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile which means it keeps its contents regardless if it has power or not.
-Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM.

Specialized cards network: Specialised cards can be added to a system. There are network cards, TV tuner cards and graphics card. A graphics card is a component that deals with the graphics on the screen. Its job is to generate all of the images and the text on the screen. It constructs the text and images out of pixels. Network cards allow your computer to connect to a network. Wired network cards need an Ethernet cable to connect to the internet, whereas a wireless network card doesn't. TV tuner cards allow your computer to receive television signal. Some TV tuner cards have a video capture function so that they can also record TV programmes.








Peripherals:
Printer: In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text) of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper.Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached to a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document source. The function of printers is to receive electronic documents and print them as hard copies.



Scanner: A Scanner Is A Device That Lets you Scan And Edit Pictures. You Can Also Photocopy The Pictures Or Crop The Picture To Make Them Smaller. Commonly used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. An example of a scanner is an MRI scanner, which can be used to look at almost any part of the body.

Twisted pair cabling: Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company.

Backing Storage
Pen drive: A pen drive is another name for a USB flash drive. They are devices that allow storage of computer files that you can remove and take from computer to computer. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc.

hard drive: hard drive is the computer's main storage media device that permanently stores all data on the computer. The hard drive connects to the motherboard using either an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable and power cable.